( 5) summarized that gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility through multiple pathways, including causing chronic inflammation to promote tumor progression and accelerate invasion and metastasis, triggering innate and adaptive immune responses involved in tumor formation and generating metabolites to promote malignant transformation. Dysregulation of homeostasis has been implicated in diseases including cancer ( 3, 4). The crosstalk between the host and the gut microbiota generates an intestinal homeostasis beneficial to the host ( 2). The gut microbiota is a highly complex community, it has been described as a virtual organ owing to the myriad of functions it performs, including the production of bioactive metabolites, regulation of immunity, energy homeostasis and protection against pathogens ( 1). Here, we summarize the interactions between diet and gut microbes based on previous studies, and discuss the role of gut microbiota-based dietary strategies in tumor immunotherapy, with the potential mechanisms of actions also intensively discussed. A growing number of researches have confirmed the positive effects of a diet-gut microbiota approach as an adjuvant therapy for cancer, but controversy remains. Healthy dietary patterns as well as some specific dietary components can help the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gut, thereby protecting against cancers and promoting human health. Of all the factors that influence the gut microbiota, diet is the most influential and modifiable. In patients receiving immunotherapy, appropriate modifications of gut microbiota are thought to improve therapeutic response. The gut microbiome is involved in the absorption and metabolism of host nutrients and modulates the immune response, affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer. 2Department of Emergency, First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang, China.1Department of Oncology, First People’s Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, China.
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